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Docs-as-Code Primer
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Content governance

Governance prevents drift between what the system does and what the docs say.

Content governance

Governance prevents drift between what the system does and what the docs say.

Decision order

When placing new content, ask in order:

  1. Sensitive? (security controls/absences, exploits, infra, finances, candid weaknesses) → internal only
  2. Implementation detail? (schemas, deploy steps, service mesh internals) → internal
  3. Needed for a user goal?user
  4. Same definition/diagram for both?shared
  5. Derived from internal for external? → internal canonical; user curated excerpt

Flowchart

Outside engineering team?
├── No → internal/
└── Yes
    ├── Sensitive? → internal/
    └── No
        ├── Also exists internally?
        │   ├── Can derive? → derive from internal
        │   └── Else → create both + plan reuse
        └── Applies equally to both? → shared/ else user/

Before/after

Before — no governance:

Engineer writes a design doc on the architecture.
Six months later: the architecture changed, the doc didn't.
Nobody knows whether the doc is current or stale.
New engineers treat all docs with suspicion.

After — governance in place:

Every doc has a last-reviewed date and owner.
Architecture PRs include diagram updates; reviewers check accuracy.
Monthly: runbooks are tested in a game day.
Quarterly: health review flags stale docs before they cause incidents.

Review standards

Stream Review for Suggested turnaround
Internal Accuracy, completeness, consistency 24–48 hours for most changes; schedule a meeting for major architecture
User Accuracy, clarity, tone, task completion 48–72 hours; higher editorial bar

Internal: polish is secondary to correctness. User: accuracy and readability are gates.

When to escalate

  • An internal doc contains a security-sensitive detail that could affect the user stream → security review
  • A user doc makes a promise the system doesn’t keep → engineering review before publishing
  • An architecture decision has no ADR → stop and write one before proceeding

Drift-prevention DoD

Every PR that touches code should be checked against this list. Not every item applies every time — but if none applies, the change likely has no doc impact and can move forward.

Check Applies if Action
Architecture changed? System design, dependencies, deployment topology Update C4 diagrams and affected ADRs
API surface changed? New/modified endpoint, schema change, header change Update OpenAPI spec + user API reference
Behaviour changed? Existing feature works differently Update feature doc + user changelog
New feature added? New capability shipped Feature doc + tutorial + changelog entry
Dependency added? New service, library, infrastructure Update architecture docs, add ADR
Ops procedure changed? Deploy, rollback, monitoring, runbooks Update runbooks, test on staging
UX flow changed? UI or workflow differs from existing docs Update getting-started and affected feature docs
Deprecation started? Feature marked for removal Deprecation notice + migration guide + timeline
Earlier doc out of date? During review, found stale content File a doc issue or fix in the same PR

The goal: no undocumented change reaches production. Not every PR needs a doc change — but every PR should consider it explicitly.

Reuse patterns

  1. Single source, multiple renderings (OpenAPI)
  2. Shared includes / snippets (glossary)
  3. Audience front matter filters (optional advanced)
  4. Derive user docs from approved internal design

Maintenance cadence

Frequency Activity Owner
Per release User changelog; API quickstart smoke Eng + writer
Monthly Spot-check getting started + sample feature pages Rotating
Quarterly Runbook game day; architecture vs reality audit SRE + architect
Annually Full doc health review; maturity level assessment Team lead

Check yourself

  1. An engineer merges a PR that changes the export API response format. The OpenAPI spec is updated, but the user API reference page still shows the old format. Which drift-prevention check was missed?
  2. Your team has a quarterly architecture review. The C4 diagrams haven’t changed in three quarters — but the system has. What governance process broke down?
  3. A new compliance requirement says “all internal design docs must be auditable for two years.” What does this mean for your archival and deletion practices?

Paths

Next: CI and quality gates

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